The peptide science A–Z.

Adrenal glucocorticoid steroid hormone that regulates stress response, metabolism and immunity.

Secreted signalling proteins (IL-, IFN-, TNF-families) regulating immunity and inflammation.

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone — a 44-aa hypothalamic peptide that stimulates pituitary GH secretion.

Growth-hormone-releasing peptides — synthetic ghrelin/GHS-R1a agonists (ipamorelin, hexarelin, GHRP-2/6).

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide — the second major incretin hormone, released by intestinal K-cells.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 — an incretin hormone from intestinal L-cells that potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion.

A 29-amino-acid pancreatic peptide that raises blood glucose by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis.

Peptides that drive cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue repair (e.g. VEGF, FGF, IGF).

A 191-amino-acid pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates growth, lipolysis and IGF-1 release.

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that travel through blood to act on distant target tissues.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 — a hepatic peptide hormone mediating many anabolic actions of GH.

A class of gut peptide hormones (GLP-1, GIP) released after meals to enhance insulin secretion.

A 51-amino-acid pancreatic peptide hormone (A and B chains linked by disulfides) regulating glucose homeostasis.

Pineal indoleamine hormone regulating circadian rhythm.

A 9-amino-acid cyclic peptide hormone involved in social bonding, lactation and parturition.

A cyclic peptide hormone that inhibits GH and TSH release.