Molecular Weight Converter
Convert between common molecular mass units. General chemistry reference only.
g/mol
g/mol (Da)
1,000
kDa
1.000
mg/mmol
1000.000
μg/nmol
1000.000
1 Dalton = 1 g/mol. 1 kDa = 1000 Da. These are unit conversions only.
Tools
Learning tools.
Educational tools to support understanding of peptide science. These are reference utilities — they do not calculate preparation, reconstitution or administration values.
Scientific Acronym Finder
Quick reference for peptide and molecular biology acronyms.
- AAAmino Acid
- AMPKAMP-Activated Protein Kinase
- ATPAdenosine Triphosphate
- BDNFBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
- cAMPCyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
- COACertificate of Analysis
- DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid
- EREndoplasmic Reticulum
- GHGrowth Hormone
- GHRHGrowth-Hormone-Releasing Hormone
- GHRPGrowth-Hormone-Releasing Peptide
- GIPGlucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
- GLP-1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
- GPCRG-Protein Coupled Receptor
- HPLCHigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography
- IGF-1Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1
- LALLimulus Amebocyte Lysate (endotoxin assay)
- MC4RMelanocortin-4 Receptor
- MOTS-cMitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c
- mRNAMessenger RNA
- MSMass Spectrometry
- PDPharmacodynamics
- PKPharmacokinetics
- QCQuality Control
- RNARibonucleic Acid
- RTKReceptor Tyrosine Kinase
- SPPSSolid-Phase Peptide Synthesis
- TLRToll-Like Receptor
- VEGFVascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Amino Acid Reference Chart
The twenty standard amino acids — single & three-letter codes, side-chain class and molecular weight.
| Name | 3-letter | 1-letter | Class | MW (g/mol) | Essential |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine | Ala | A | Aliphatic | 89.1 | No |
| Arginine | Arg | R | Basic | 174.2 | No |
| Asparagine | Asn | N | Polar uncharged | 132.1 | No |
| Aspartate | Asp | D | Acidic | 133.1 | No |
| Cysteine | Cys | C | Sulfur-containing | 121.2 | No |
| Glutamate | Glu | E | Acidic | 147.1 | No |
| Glutamine | Gln | Q | Polar uncharged | 146.2 | No |
| Glycine | Gly | G | Aliphatic | 75.1 | No |
| Histidine | His | H | Basic / aromatic | 155.2 | Yes |
| Isoleucine | Ile | I | Aliphatic | 131.2 | Yes |
| Leucine | Leu | L | Aliphatic | 131.2 | Yes |
| Lysine | Lys | K | Basic | 146.2 | Yes |
| Methionine | Met | M | Sulfur-containing | 149.2 | Yes |
| Phenylalanine | Phe | F | Aromatic | 165.2 | Yes |
| Proline | Pro | P | Cyclic imino | 115.1 | No |
| Serine | Ser | S | Polar uncharged | 105.1 | No |
| Threonine | Thr | T | Polar uncharged | 119.1 | Yes |
| Tryptophan | Trp | W | Aromatic | 204.2 | Yes |
| Tyrosine | Tyr | Y | Aromatic | 181.2 | No |
| Valine | Val | V | Aliphatic | 117.1 | Yes |
Protein vs Peptide
Where the line is drawn — and why it matters.
| Feature | Peptide | Protein |
|---|---|---|
| Length | ≤ ~50 amino acids | > ~50 amino acids |
| Structure | Often flexible, may be unstructured | Defined 3D fold (secondary, tertiary, quaternary) |
| Synthesis | Solid-phase chemical synthesis (SPPS) | Ribosomal translation |
| Primary role | Signalling: hormones, neurotransmitters | Catalysis, structure, transport, immunity |
| Examples | Insulin, GLP-1, oxytocin, BPC-157 | Haemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes |
| Stability | Often short half-life in plasma | Generally more stable when folded |